Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,776 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (12%), Kuwait (7%) and Gibraltar (6%), and 64% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom465 kt (12%)Kuwait262 kt (7%)Gibraltar219 kt (6%)Algeria124 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU246 kt (7%)Netherlands416 kt (11%)France365 kt (10%)Belgium331 kt (9%)Germany319 kt (8%)Italy196 kt (5%)Greece187 kt (5%)Poland173 kt (5%)Sweden163 kt (4%)Other EU member states281 kt (7%)Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.96 Mt (52%)Spain552 kt (15%)Belgium324 kt (9%)Malta178 kt (5%)France167 kt (4%)Greece128 kt (3%)Germany105 kt (3%)Denmark96 kt (3%)Portugal63 kt (2%)Sweden61 kt (2%)Italy60 kt (2%)Cyprus54 kt (1%)Ireland13 kt (<1%)Poland11 kt (<1%)Bulgaria5.5 kt (<1%)Croatia1.3 kt (<1%)Czechia1.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.1 kt (<1%)Austrialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourgless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom465 kt (12%)
- Kuwait262 kt (7%)
- Gibraltar219 kt (6%)
- Algeria124 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU246 kt (7%)
- Netherlands416 kt (11%)
- France365 kt (10%)
- Belgium331 kt (9%)
- Germany319 kt (8%)
- Italy196 kt (5%)
- Greece187 kt (5%)
- Poland173 kt (5%)
- Sweden163 kt (4%)
- Other EU member states281 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 369,224 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 324,507 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 280,900 | 86.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 261,754 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 231,825 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 230,081 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 218,943 | 39.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 172,403 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Netherlands | 153,020 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 93,876 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 85,571 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 73,935 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Greece | 65,234 | 51.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 64,697 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 64,476 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 64,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 62,816 | 35.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 60,524 | 34.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 54,000 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Spain | 52,524 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 49,060 | 46.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 45,951 | 8.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 45,000 | 46.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 42,880 | 79.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 42,092 | 33.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 36,462 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 34,252 | 56.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Portugal | 33,000 | 52.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Spain | 32,922 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 32,402 | 54.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 32,000 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 30,400 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 30,316 | 47.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 30,000 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 23,720 | 4.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Malta | 21,775 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 20,223 | 15.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 17,925 | 17.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 16,344 | 27.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 14,688 | 24.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 14,000 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 13,129 | 7.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Malta | 12,917 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 12,634 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 11,875 | 19.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 11,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 9,890 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 9,319 | 17.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,700 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 7,817 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 7,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Malta | 6,505 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 6,000 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 6,000 | 3.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 5,295 | 96.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 5,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 4,100 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 3,439 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 1,658 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 1,300 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 1,131 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Germany | 290 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Lithuania | 200 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 158 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Slovakia | 70 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 26 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Bulgaria | 22 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 1 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-01, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-01 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.