Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,776 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (12%), Kuwait (7%) and Gibraltar (6%), and 64% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Malta
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 540,167 | 27.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 369,224 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (16) | 340,301 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 324,507 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 280,900 | 86.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 261,754 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 231,825 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 230,081 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 218,943 | 39.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 93,876 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | France | 92,000 | 55.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Spain | 88,763 | 16.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Malta | 82,450 | 46.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 73,935 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 70,854 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Other EU (16) | 65,234 | 51.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 64,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 60,524 | 34.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 52,524 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (16) | 48,478 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Other EU (16) | 42,092 | 33.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Belgium | 30,400 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Other EU (16) | 30,000 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 23,720 | 4.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Malta | 21,775 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Malta | 12,917 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,700 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 6,000 | 3.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | France | 5,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 4,100 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 1,154 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-01, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-01 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.