Fuel Origin

Flows

How oil reaches each country

Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.

In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 3,564 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (8%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 77% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.

Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
OilCrude oilRoad dieselPetrolJet fuelHeating and other gasoilFuel oilNaphthaLPG
Month
Feb 2025
Latest month all EU members reported
2026
2025
2024
2023
Origins named891011121314151617181920

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Where the oil was produced

  • Reported (solid)
  • Summed by us (dotted)
  • Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
Reported imports, largest first
FromToTonnesShareHow we know
EstoniaNetherlands330,72515.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyNetherlands294,31214.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenNetherlands261,05812.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
PolandNetherlands231,98711.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomNetherlands214,56310.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsBelgium207,20077.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumNetherlands206,9309.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GreeceNetherlands200,5619.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceNetherlands198,5219.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GibraltarSpain184,61737.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ColombiaNetherlands120,4945.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesGreece111,29980.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SpainCyprus82,95387.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSpain80,11116.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SwedenSpain67,79113.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUGermany54,80357.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United KingdomDenmark43,00042.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSpain39,6048.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUSpain36,7107.5%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesNetherlands36,6521.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
FranceSpain34,9697.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenDenmark33,00032.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenMalta32,19331.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUBelgium29,90011.2%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUFrance29,00035.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SpainMalta26,34526.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesMalta25,52625.2%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedSpain24,6235.0%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
BelgiumFrance23,00028.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomSpain22,7944.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsGermany20,76921.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Origin not reportedFrance19,00023.5%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
FranceGreece18,98813.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumSweden18,01359.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUMalta17,32817.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsFinland16,000100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesItaly15,92248.5%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
FranceItaly14,72644.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyDenmark14,00013.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomBelgium11,7004.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesPoland11,000100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SwedenBelgium10,1003.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsDenmark10,0009.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUCyprus9,99810.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesGermany9,0989.5%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United KingdomGermany8,9929.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyGreece7,3195.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSweden6,81722.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SpainFrance6,0007.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSweden5,59618.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyBelgium4,8001.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsFrance4,0004.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUItaly2,2036.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUEstonia2,20044.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesBelgium2,2000.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
BelgiumGermany2,1802.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GreeceCyprus1,6901.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesBulgaria1,63995.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsEstonia1,60032.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesCroatia1,500100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesEstonia1,20024.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
FranceBelgium1,0000.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Origin not reportedDenmark1,0001.0%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
PolandGermany2190.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesLithuania100100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUBulgaria794.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.

One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.

Source & method
Source
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV

Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).

Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).

Not in the diagram: Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.

  • Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
  • Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
  • A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.