Fuel Origin

Flows

How oil reaches each country

Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.

In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,761 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (7%), the United Kingdom (7%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 71% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.

Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
OilCrude oilRoad dieselPetrolJet fuelHeating and other gasoilFuel oilNaphthaLPG
Month
Mar 2025
Latest month all EU members reported
2026
2025
2024
2023
Origins named891011121314151617181920

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Where the oil was produced

  • Reported (solid)
  • Summed by us (dotted)
  • Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
Reported imports, largest first
FromToTonnesShareHow we know
BelgiumNetherlands460,92521.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyNetherlands449,33420.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
KuwaitNetherlands255,40911.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsBelgium215,10078.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GibraltarSpain198,44835.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
PolandNetherlands194,0469.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
EstoniaNetherlands177,5458.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomNetherlands151,3307.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceNetherlands130,3996.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
LithuaniaNetherlands127,7495.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United StatesNetherlands127,5365.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSpain78,73314.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalyNetherlands76,8203.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomSpain74,94813.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalySpain69,92312.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSpain65,25511.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesGreece53,95949.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesMalta51,26243.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesDenmark48,00049.5%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUGermany46,65551.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUBelgium46,60017.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesCyprus44,53784.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsFrance44,00037.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUMalta37,70431.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
BelgiumFrance36,00030.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceSpain34,9646.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesPortugal33,775100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
BelgiumDenmark33,00034.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalyGreece32,84830.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsFinland31,00066.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUFrance29,00024.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedSpain28,4865.1%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
ItalyMalta26,28222.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomGermany26,12829.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUItaly22,99665.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
BelgiumFinland16,00034.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSweden15,11248.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUEstonia15,00044.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
FranceGreece14,98613.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyDenmark13,00013.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesItaly11,96634.2%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesBulgaria11,67497.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesEstonia11,00032.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesSweden10,59434.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GermanyBelgium10,4003.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsGermany9,85610.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
LithuaniaEstonia8,00023.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUCyprus7,93315.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUGreece7,0076.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedFrance7,0006.0%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
Other EU member statesGermany6,4917.2%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUSweden5,18016.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedMalta3,1242.6%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
NetherlandsDenmark3,0003.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanySpain2,5000.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceBelgium2,4000.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesHungary2,100100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesCroatia1,900100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesCzechia1,000100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesFrance1,0000.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
BelgiumGermany8641.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSlovakia438100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUBulgaria2922.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
PolandGermany2150.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyAustria51100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)

One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.

Source & method
Source
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV

Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).

Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).

Not in the diagram: Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.

  • Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
  • Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
  • A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.