Fuel Origin

Flows

How oil reaches each country

Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.

In April 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,925 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (13%) and Gibraltar (6%), and 63% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.

Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
OilCrude oilRoad dieselPetrolJet fuelHeating and other gasoilFuel oilNaphthaLPG
Month
Apr 2025
Latest month all EU members reported
2026
2025
2024
2023
Origins named891011121314151617181920

Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.

Where the oil was produced

  • Reported (solid)
  • Summed by us (dotted)
  • Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
Reported imports, largest first
FromToTonnesShareHow we know
BelgiumNetherlands402,65033.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomNetherlands324,81027.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsBelgium281,80086.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GibraltarSpain182,23631.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSpain158,56927.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyNetherlands94,8568.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceGreece85,28284.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
MexicoNetherlands70,7505.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSpain67,74711.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
ItalySpain63,63610.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
PolandNetherlands60,4835.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalyNetherlands55,9384.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United StatesNetherlands50,4704.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesMalta50,24832.5%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsSweden50,07876.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUNetherlands49,9074.2%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUMalta44,39528.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SpainCyprus42,73883.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesNetherlands41,2393.5%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GermanySpain40,4096.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
AlgeriaNetherlands40,0733.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUFrance35,00035.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUItaly34,95137.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
AlgeriaPortugal32,91587.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
AlgeriaGermany32,76735.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceItaly32,06334.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesFrance32,00032.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United KingdomDenmark30,00042.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainMalta28,23718.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Origin not reportedSpain27,0654.6%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
GermanyBelgium26,1008.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumFrance21,00021.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesEstonia20,00090.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUGermany18,84720.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
FranceSpain17,9703.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUSpain17,6793.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesItaly16,40617.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United KingdomGermany16,05917.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
PolandDenmark16,00022.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United StatesFinland16,000100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSweden15,02523.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsIreland14,556100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceMalta13,3368.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomBelgium11,5003.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumGermany10,98712.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesGreece10,10510.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GermanyDenmark10,00014.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalyMalta9,6556.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsItaly9,26210.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
AlgeriaMalta8,9485.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesGermany7,2918.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUCyprus7,00413.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsDenmark7,00010.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Origin not reportedDenmark7,00010.0%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
MexicoSpain6,8391.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUGreece6,0215.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SpainFrance6,0006.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesBulgaria5,62097.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsGermany5,2225.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainPortugal4,78412.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United StatesBelgium4,0001.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Origin not reportedFrance3,0003.0%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
GermanyCzechia2,000100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsFrance2,0002.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUEstonia2,0009.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesCyprus1,6203.2%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesCroatia1,400100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesBelgium1,2000.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesPoland1,000100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GermanyAustria572100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUBulgaria1312.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
PolandGermany1070.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesHungary100100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.

3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.

Source & method
Source
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV

Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).

Month: 2025-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).

Not in the diagram: Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.

  • Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
  • Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
  • A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.