Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,925 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (13%) and Gibraltar (6%), and 63% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Malta
- Greece
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 402,650 | 33.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 324,810 | 27.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Other EU (16) | 284,048 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 281,800 | 86.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Netherlands | 272,849 | 22.9% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 182,236 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 158,569 | 27.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Malta | 122,880 | 79.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 94,856 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Spain | 92,265 | 15.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 88,118 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Greece | 85,282 | 84.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Other EU (16) | 65,682 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Spain | 63,636 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 55,938 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 46,059 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Spain | 40,409 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 40,073 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (16) | 32,063 | 34.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 31,987 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 27,065 | 4.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 26,100 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 17,970 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Greece | 16,126 | 15.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Malta | 13,336 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (16) | 12,572 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 11,500 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 10,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Malta | 9,655 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Malta | 8,948 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Belgium | 5,200 | 1.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the fuel oil was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.