Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,212 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (13%), and 63% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom419 kt (13%)Gibraltar160 kt (5%)Algeria103 kt (3%)Mexico94 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU379 kt (12%)Belgium497 kt (15%)Netherlands477 kt (15%)Germany212 kt (7%)France180 kt (6%)Sweden163 kt (5%)Poland149 kt (5%)Italy115 kt (4%)Lithuania97 kt (3%)Other EU member states131 kt (4%)Origin not reported38 kt (1%)Netherlands1.49 Mt (46%)Spain587 kt (18%)Belgium349 kt (11%)Denmark168 kt (5%)France154 kt (5%)Germany118 kt (4%)Malta110 kt (3%)Greece56 kt (2%)Sweden46 kt (1%)Ireland43 kt (1%)Cyprus36 kt (1%)Italy29 kt (<1%)Finland16 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.7 kt (<1%)Estonia2.0 kt (<1%)Croatia1.1 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Austria0.3 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom419 kt (13%)
- Gibraltar160 kt (5%)
- Algeria103 kt (3%)
- Mexico94 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU379 kt (12%)
- Belgium497 kt (15%)
- Netherlands477 kt (15%)
- Germany212 kt (7%)
- France180 kt (6%)
- Sweden163 kt (5%)
- Poland149 kt (5%)
- Italy115 kt (4%)
- Lithuania97 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states131 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported38 kt (1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 445,853 | 29.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 280,003 | 18.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 246,800 | 70.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 160,022 | 27.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 144,815 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 132,522 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 130,385 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 126,426 | 8.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 108,000 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 96,878 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Netherlands | 94,434 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 89,617 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 83,199 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 81,536 | 13.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 81,390 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 73,700 | 21.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | France | 65,000 | 42.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 56,068 | 50.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 51,916 | 92.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 51,650 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 51,000 | 33.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 38,250 | 82.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Malta | 34,682 | 31.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 34,155 | 29.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Spain | 32,932 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 31,600 | 5.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 29,426 | 81.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Ireland | 28,191 | 66.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 28,120 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 26,000 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 26,000 | 16.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 23,100 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 19,142 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 16,068 | 55.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Denmark | 16,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 16,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Denmark | 16,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 15,521 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 15,221 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 14,391 | 33.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 11,841 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 10,050 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Malta | 9,654 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 9,467 | 32.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 9,158 | 7.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 8,212 | 17.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 7,000 | 4.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 6,539 | 18.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 5,000 | 3.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 4,304 | 7.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 4,100 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,526 | 95.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 3,301 | 11.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Belgium | 1,200 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 1,100 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Austria | 311 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 156 | 4.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.