Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,197 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (8%) and Kuwait (8%), and 70% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom266 kt (8%)Kuwait252 kt (8%)Gibraltar99 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU317 kt (10%)Germany541 kt (17%)Belgium396 kt (12%)Netherlands289 kt (9%)Sweden154 kt (5%)Spain144 kt (5%)Italy127 kt (4%)France126 kt (4%)Denmark111 kt (3%)Estonia109 kt (3%)Other EU member states238 kt (7%)Origin not reported28 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.86 Mt (58%)Spain468 kt (15%)Belgium185 kt (6%)Germany113 kt (4%)Denmark104 kt (3%)Cyprus89 kt (3%)Malta81 kt (3%)Greece69 kt (2%)France61 kt (2%)Italy60 kt (2%)Sweden37 kt (1%)Portugal30 kt (<1%)Slovakia18 kt (<1%)Finland16 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.4 kt (<1%)Czechia2.0 kt (<1%)Austria0.2 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom266 kt (8%)
- Kuwait252 kt (8%)
- Gibraltar99 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU317 kt (10%)
- Germany541 kt (17%)
- Belgium396 kt (12%)
- Netherlands289 kt (9%)
- Sweden154 kt (5%)
- Spain144 kt (5%)
- Italy127 kt (4%)
- France126 kt (4%)
- Denmark111 kt (3%)
- Estonia109 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states238 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported28 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Netherlands | 504,840 | 27.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 340,897 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 252,449 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 197,687 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 165,700 | 89.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 108,945 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 105,775 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 104,079 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 103,737 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 98,897 | 21.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 92,649 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 84,912 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Cyprus | 83,258 | 93.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 67,421 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 61,162 | 88.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 57,197 | 50.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 47,122 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 47,000 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 46,073 | 9.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Spain | 37,630 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 34,000 | 55.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Spain | 33,031 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 32,829 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 30,361 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 29,564 | 36.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 29,165 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 29,000 | 27.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 28,723 | 35.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 28,332 | 47.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 24,244 | 5.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | Malta | 22,550 | 27.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 22,000 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 21,031 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 19,200 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 18,523 | 16.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 18,181 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 17,000 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 16,037 | 26.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Finland | 16,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Spain | 15,956 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 15,895 | 26.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden | 15,414 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 14,983 | 40.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 7,643 | 11.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Spain | 7,535 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 7,000 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 6,474 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 6,310 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 3,230 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,080 | 90.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 3,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 3,000 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 2,500 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 2,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 1,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 1,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 1.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Denmark | Germany | 829 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 664 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 400 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 340 | 9.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 211 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.