Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,534 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (9%), and 75% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (33) | Netherlands | 687,658 | 35.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Greece | Netherlands | 442,698 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 397,342 | 20.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Spain | 308,306 | 61.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Netherlands | 222,217 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 211,972 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Other EU (12) | 209,454 | — | Summed by usSum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 178,300 | 75.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Greece | 98,880 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (33) | Italy | 95,113 | 85.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 90,112 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Denmark | 89,000 | 52.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (33) | Cyprus | 87,843 | 96.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (33) | Germany | 73,205 | 61.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 49,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Belgium | 45,300 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 42,807 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 34,841 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 24,881 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (12) | 18,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 17,172 | 3.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Spain | 17,160 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 15,961 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 11,930 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 10,500 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (12) | 8,604 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (12) | 3,714 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Greece | Cyprus | 3,180 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (12) | 3,000 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Belgium | 2,400 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.