Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,534 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (9%), and 75% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom308 kt (9%)Gibraltar142 kt (4%)Other origins outside the EU422 kt (12%)Belgium474 kt (13%)Greece446 kt (13%)Netherlands339 kt (10%)France250 kt (7%)Germany245 kt (7%)Lithuania160 kt (5%)Italy152 kt (4%)Spain136 kt (4%)Poland133 kt (4%)Denmark119 kt (3%)Other EU member states186 kt (5%)Origin not reported21 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.96 Mt (56%)Spain500 kt (14%)Belgium237 kt (7%)Denmark171 kt (5%)Germany120 kt (3%)Italy111 kt (3%)Greece99 kt (3%)Cyprus91 kt (3%)Malta86 kt (2%)France50 kt (1%)Sweden46 kt (1%)Slovakia25 kt (<1%)Finland17 kt (<1%)Portugal12 kt (<1%)Bulgaria4.0 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Latvia0.5 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.4 kt (<1%)Austria0.3 kt (<1%)Hungary0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom308 kt (9%)
- Gibraltar142 kt (4%)
- Other origins outside the EU422 kt (12%)
- Belgium474 kt (13%)
- Greece446 kt (13%)
- Netherlands339 kt (10%)
- France250 kt (7%)
- Germany245 kt (7%)
- Lithuania160 kt (5%)
- Italy152 kt (4%)
- Spain136 kt (4%)
- Poland133 kt (4%)
- Denmark119 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states186 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported21 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Netherlands | 442,698 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 397,342 | 20.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 222,217 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 211,972 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 178,300 | 75.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 178,009 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 159,715 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 142,276 | 28.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 132,769 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 111,153 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 106,012 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 104,317 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 90,112 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Cyprus | 82,664 | 90.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 73,000 | 42.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 51,631 | 46.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 51,555 | 52.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 49,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 47,497 | 39.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 45,300 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 44,000 | 88.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 43,482 | 39.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Spain | 42,807 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 36,125 | 78.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 35,210 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 34,841 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Greece | 31,762 | 32.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 29,448 | 34.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 24,912 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 24,881 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 22,756 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 20,602 | 23.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 17,172 | 3.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Spain | 17,160 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Finland | 17,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 16,981 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Denmark | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 15,961 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 15,953 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 12,391 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 12,000 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 11,930 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Greece | 10,533 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 10,500 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 9,818 | 21.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 9,522 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 8,875 | 10.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Malta | 8,604 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 5,179 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 5,030 | 5.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 4,000 | 2.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,679 | 92.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Cyprus | 3,180 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 3,000 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Denmark | Germany | 2,929 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Malta | 2,714 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 2,400 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 1,042 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 1,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 1,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 400 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 313 | 7.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Latvia | 282 | 54.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 278 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 210 | 40.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 100 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 26 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.