Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,175 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (7%) and Norway (7%), and 68% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom233 kt (7%)Norway229 kt (7%)Gibraltar145 kt (5%)Israel93 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU274 kt (9%)Belgium418 kt (13%)France338 kt (11%)Germany335 kt (11%)Netherlands225 kt (7%)Italy181 kt (6%)Denmark109 kt (3%)Spain102 kt (3%)Lithuania92 kt (3%)Other EU member states370 kt (12%)Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.49 Mt (47%)Spain500 kt (16%)Belgium231 kt (7%)Denmark203 kt (6%)Malta134 kt (4%)France133 kt (4%)Greece92 kt (3%)Sweden92 kt (3%)Germany86 kt (3%)Cyprus72 kt (2%)Italy57 kt (2%)Finland27 kt (<1%)Portugal24 kt (<1%)Slovakia14 kt (<1%)Ireland11 kt (<1%)Bulgaria4.0 kt (<1%)Czechia2.0 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania1.0 kt (<1%)Latvia0.7 kt (<1%)Austria0.2 kt (<1%)Croatia0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom233 kt (7%)
- Norway229 kt (7%)
- Gibraltar145 kt (5%)
- Israel93 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU274 kt (9%)
- Belgium418 kt (13%)
- France338 kt (11%)
- Germany335 kt (11%)
- Netherlands225 kt (7%)
- Italy181 kt (6%)
- Denmark109 kt (3%)
- Spain102 kt (3%)
- Lithuania92 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states370 kt (12%)
- Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 344,301 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 262,363 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 232,569 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 165,042 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 162,859 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 155,916 | 10.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 144,610 | 28.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 142,000 | 61.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 102,000 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 91,477 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 90,620 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 83,714 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 80,228 | 87.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 73,000 | 54.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Israel | Cyprus | 70,308 | 97.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 64,162 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Malta | 60,067 | 45.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 52,600 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 50,832 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 47,000 | 35.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 46,977 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 45,660 | 53.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Sweden | 36,600 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 35,012 | 61.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 35,000 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 32,954 | 6.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 27,518 | 5.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 26,184 | 30.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 24,389 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 23,733 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Malta | 23,162 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 22,243 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 22,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 18,384 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 17,733 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 17,209 | 18.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 17,060 | 12.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 17,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 16,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 16,000 | 59.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Sweden | 15,449 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 15,100 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 14,900 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 14,412 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Greece | 11,889 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 11,875 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Finland | 11,000 | 40.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 10,805 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 10,734 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Denmark | 10,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 9,154 | 6.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Belgium | 6,500 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Malta | 6,427 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 6,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 6,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 3,575 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,537 | 88.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Germany | 1,887 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,610 | 2.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 1,049 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 1,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 50.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 550 | 79.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 463 | 11.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 178 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 146 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 100 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 100 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.