Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,175 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (7%) and Norway (7%), and 68% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Belgium418 kt (13%)France338 kt (11%)Germany335 kt (11%)United Kingdom233 kt (7%)Norway229 kt (7%)Netherlands225 kt (7%)Italy181 kt (6%)Gibraltar145 kt (5%)Other origins (31)1.04 Mt (33%)Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.49 Mt (47%)Spain500 kt (16%)Belgium231 kt (7%)Denmark203 kt (6%)Malta134 kt (4%)Other EU (18)617 kt (19%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Malta
- Other EU (18)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (31) | Other EU (18) | 450,117 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Netherlands | 395,269 | 26.5% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 344,301 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 262,363 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 232,569 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 165,042 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 162,859 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 144,610 | 28.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 142,000 | 61.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Malta | 109,443 | 81.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Denmark | 102,000 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 90,620 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Spain | 79,931 | 16.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 58,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Belgium | 52,600 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 50,832 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 42,623 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (18) | 36,600 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 35,000 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 27,518 | 5.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 23,733 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 22,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 17,733 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 17,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 16,627 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Denmark | 16,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 15,100 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 14,900 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (18) | 11,875 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 10,734 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Denmark | 10,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Belgium | 6,500 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Malta | 6,427 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (18) | 1,000 | 0.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.