Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,155 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (9%), Saudi Arabia (8%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom272 kt (9%)Saudi Arabia248 kt (8%)Gibraltar164 kt (5%)Other origins outside the EU168 kt (5%)Belgium482 kt (15%)Netherlands423 kt (13%)France310 kt (10%)Denmark239 kt (8%)Italy215 kt (7%)Germany199 kt (6%)Lithuania121 kt (4%)Poland99 kt (3%)Estonia81 kt (3%)Other EU member states97 kt (3%)Origin not reported38 kt (1%)Netherlands1.81 Mt (57%)Spain625 kt (20%)Belgium241 kt (8%)Denmark108 kt (3%)Malta94 kt (3%)Germany59 kt (2%)Greece55 kt (2%)Sweden50 kt (2%)France38 kt (1%)Cyprus35 kt (1%)Italy25 kt (<1%)Hungary5.9 kt (<1%)Portugal5.5 kt (<1%)Latvia3.5 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.6 kt (<1%)Austria0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourgless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom272 kt (9%)
- Saudi Arabia248 kt (8%)
- Gibraltar164 kt (5%)
- Other origins outside the EU168 kt (5%)
- Belgium482 kt (15%)
- Netherlands423 kt (13%)
- France310 kt (10%)
- Denmark239 kt (8%)
- Italy215 kt (7%)
- Germany199 kt (6%)
- Lithuania121 kt (4%)
- Poland99 kt (3%)
- Estonia81 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states97 kt (3%)
- Origin not reported38 kt (1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 402,632 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 247,940 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 233,615 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 226,556 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 220,438 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 180,800 | 75.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 164,212 | 26.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 125,347 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 120,931 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 108,481 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 99,348 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 92,640 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 82,000 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 80,414 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 67,772 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 60,119 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 50,934 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 40,791 | 6.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Spain | 40,554 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 37,643 | 39.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 37,450 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 37,100 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 33,791 | 95.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 32,879 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 27,966 | 47.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 24,416 | 25.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 23,200 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 21,722 | 23.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 21,000 | 55.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 17,994 | 32.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 17,191 | 29.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 16,476 | 33.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 16,000 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Denmark | 16,000 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 14,992 | 30.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 12,882 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Malta | 10,668 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 10,390 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 10,381 | 20.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 8,602 | 35.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 7,986 | 32.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Italy | 7,922 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 7,834 | 15.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Denmark | 7,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 5,500 | 93.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 5,499 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 4,102 | 7.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 3,396 | 97.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 3,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Germany | 1,991 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 1,696 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,657 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 1,039 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 2.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Estonia | Lithuania | 600 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 400 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 127 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 75 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 3 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.