Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,155 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (9%), Saudi Arabia (8%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Malta
- Other EU (13)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 402,632 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Netherlands | 300,693 | 16.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 247,940 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 233,615 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 226,556 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 220,438 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Spain | 205,003 | 32.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 180,800 | 75.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Other EU (13) | 159,132 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 125,347 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 108,481 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 92,640 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 82,000 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 67,772 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Malta | 62,059 | 65.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Spain | 60,119 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 50,934 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 40,554 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 37,450 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 37,100 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (13) | 34,788 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Other EU (13) | 32,879 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 23,200 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 21,722 | 23.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (13) | 17,696 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Denmark | 16,000 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (13) | 14,994 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 12,882 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Other EU (13) | 12,372 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Malta | 10,668 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 7,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (13) | 5,630 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Denmark | 3,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 1,000 | 2.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.