Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,505 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (8%), and 75% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom270 kt (8%)Türkiye124 kt (4%)Gibraltar116 kt (3%)Saudi Arabia86 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU208 kt (6%)Belgium699 kt (20%)Estonia406 kt (12%)Germany325 kt (9%)Netherlands312 kt (9%)Italy234 kt (7%)Poland130 kt (4%)Spain103 kt (3%)Lithuania82 kt (2%)Other EU member states324 kt (9%)Origin not reported87 kt (2%)Netherlands1.96 Mt (56%)Spain598 kt (17%)Belgium257 kt (7%)Germany133 kt (4%)Denmark131 kt (4%)Malta95 kt (3%)Sweden94 kt (3%)Greece94 kt (3%)Cyprus49 kt (1%)Portugal31 kt (<1%)Italy22 kt (<1%)Estonia13 kt (<1%)Finland9.0 kt (<1%)Ireland5.6 kt (<1%)Hungary4.4 kt (<1%)Poland4.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.4 kt (<1%)Latvia0.3 kt (<1%)Austria0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourgless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom270 kt (8%)
- Türkiye124 kt (4%)
- Gibraltar116 kt (3%)
- Saudi Arabia86 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU208 kt (6%)
- Belgium699 kt (20%)
- Estonia406 kt (12%)
- Germany325 kt (9%)
- Netherlands312 kt (9%)
- Italy234 kt (7%)
- Poland130 kt (4%)
- Spain103 kt (3%)
- Lithuania82 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states324 kt (9%)
- Origin not reported87 kt (2%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 582,501 | 29.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 405,336 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 258,356 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 220,100 | 85.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 182,034 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 131,724 | 22.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 130,027 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 115,713 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Netherlands | 90,371 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 86,906 | 14.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 86,453 | 14.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 86,270 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 81,971 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 80,992 | 61.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 80,746 | 4.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 79,207 | 13.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 66,244 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 45,000 | 34.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden | 38,852 | 41.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Cyprus | 38,435 | 78.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 37,230 | 39.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 36,000 | 27.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 35,791 | 38.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 35,100 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 34,960 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 34,381 | 36.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Spain | 32,937 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 31,490 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 28,910 | 21.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 28,327 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 26,984 | 28.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 23,485 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 21,624 | 22.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 21,000 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Greece | 17,463 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 17,000 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 16,501 | 12.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 14,091 | 15.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 12,961 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 12,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 9,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 8,610 | 17.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Italy | 8,002 | 35.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 8,000 | 61.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 7,336 | 32.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 6,995 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 6,383 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Sweden | 6,283 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Italy | 6,022 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 5,598 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 5,000 | 38.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 4,034 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 3,451 | 3.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Malta | 3,237 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 2,500 | 56.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 2,000 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 1,900 | 43.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,644 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Malta | 1,207 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 972 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Malta | 844 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Lithuania | 400 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 161 | 56.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Latvia | 124 | 43.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 51 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 3 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, France, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.