Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,971 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Gibraltar (8%), and 78% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Gibraltar235 kt (8%)United Kingdom113 kt (4%)Other origins outside the EU307 kt (10%)Belgium381 kt (13%)Netherlands350 kt (12%)Italy277 kt (9%)Germany269 kt (9%)Sweden244 kt (8%)France191 kt (6%)Estonia144 kt (5%)Poland105 kt (4%)Finland79 kt (3%)Lithuania78 kt (3%)Other EU member states193 kt (7%)Origin not reported6.3 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.60 Mt (54%)Spain462 kt (16%)Belgium267 kt (9%)Greece134 kt (5%)Germany102 kt (3%)France84 kt (3%)Malta76 kt (3%)Cyprus71 kt (2%)Denmark66 kt (2%)Italy29 kt (<1%)Poland23 kt (<1%)Estonia21 kt (<1%)Sweden19 kt (<1%)Ireland6.9 kt (<1%)Hungary5.4 kt (<1%)Finland4.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.2 kt (<1%)Latvia0.1 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Gibraltar235 kt (8%)
- United Kingdom113 kt (4%)
- Other origins outside the EU307 kt (10%)
- Belgium381 kt (13%)
- Netherlands350 kt (12%)
- Italy277 kt (9%)
- Germany269 kt (9%)
- Sweden244 kt (8%)
- France191 kt (6%)
- Estonia144 kt (5%)
- Poland105 kt (4%)
- Finland79 kt (3%)
- Lithuania78 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states193 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported6.3 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 331,408 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 260,900 | 97.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 235,263 | 51.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 219,742 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 179,705 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 147,782 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 141,677 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 118,573 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 105,364 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 95,876 | 6.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 90,494 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 78,458 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 67,000 | 79.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 65,887 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 61,999 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Greece | 58,168 | 43.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 50,145 | 66.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 45,354 | 33.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 36,599 | 51.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 34,918 | 7.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Cyprus | 33,952 | 48.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Spain | 32,990 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 31,834 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Germany | 30,375 | 29.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 30,017 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 25,735 | 25.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Spain | 22,972 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 22,504 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 22,085 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 19,984 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Greece | 19,956 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 18,263 | 18.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Denmark | 16,810 | 25.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 16,428 | 24.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 16,400 | 78.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Denmark | 16,257 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 15,202 | 23.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Italy | 14,937 | 52.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 13,742 | 47.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 12,773 | 16.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 11,709 | 63.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 11,000 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 10,875 | 8.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 10,102 | 2.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 10,067 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 7,500 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 6,808 | 36.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 6,623 | 95.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 6,000 | 7.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Hungary | 5,400 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 5,177 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 4,200 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 4,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 3,900 | 18.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Malta | 3,021 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Germany | 2,100 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 1,700 | 0.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 1,386 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 700 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Ireland | 324 | 4.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Estonia | Lithuania | 200 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 71 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2026-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2026-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.