Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,374 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (8%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 68% came from other EU member states, with 5% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom281 kt (8%)Gibraltar171 kt (5%)Nigeria117 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU324 kt (10%)Belgium535 kt (16%)Netherlands402 kt (12%)Estonia323 kt (10%)Sweden188 kt (6%)France183 kt (5%)Italy176 kt (5%)Denmark111 kt (3%)Germany93 kt (3%)Spain89 kt (3%)Other EU member states204 kt (6%)Origin not reported178 kt (5%)Netherlands1.91 Mt (57%)Spain571 kt (17%)Belgium358 kt (11%)Malta126 kt (4%)Germany82 kt (2%)France63 kt (2%)Greece52 kt (2%)Finland50 kt (1%)Cyprus48 kt (1%)Portugal36 kt (1%)Denmark28 kt (<1%)Italy24 kt (<1%)Sweden14 kt (<1%)Poland8.2 kt (<1%)Czechia1.0 kt (<1%)Hungary0.9 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom281 kt (8%)
- Gibraltar171 kt (5%)
- Nigeria117 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU324 kt (10%)
- Belgium535 kt (16%)
- Netherlands402 kt (12%)
- Estonia323 kt (10%)
- Sweden188 kt (6%)
- France183 kt (5%)
- Italy176 kt (5%)
- Denmark111 kt (3%)
- Germany93 kt (3%)
- Spain89 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states204 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported178 kt (5%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 528,006 | 27.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 316,929 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 288,400 | 80.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 223,128 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 170,784 | 29.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 159,177 | 8.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 116,855 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 105,074 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 104,979 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 101,612 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 101,029 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 95,160 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 93,912 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 83,995 | 4.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 62,922 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 60,037 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 58,911 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 57,000 | 90.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Finland | 50,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 45,500 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Cyprus | 43,812 | 92.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 40,980 | 7.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Spain | Malta | 39,413 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 37,039 | 29.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 34,961 | 66.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 33,801 | 26.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Spain | 32,998 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 30,532 | 84.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 27,692 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 25,491 | 31.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 22,400 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 22,330 | 27.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Germany | 13,614 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 12,353 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Greece | 12,100 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Italy | 11,400 | 48.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 11,274 | 47.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 11,198 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 9,580 | 1.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Poland | 8,185 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 7,152 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,001 | 49.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 6,585 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Germany | 6,535 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 5,794 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 5,351 | 10.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 4,730 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 4,667 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 3,851 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 3,000 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Denmark | Germany | 2,679 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 2,177 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 2,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,616 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,600 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 1,100 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 700 | 77.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 200 | 22.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2026-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2026-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.