Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,302 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were Qatar (7%), and 76% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Qatar93 kt (7%)Russia38 kt (3%)Saudi Arabia37 kt (3%)Norway36 kt (3%)United States27 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU72 kt (6%)Belgium248 kt (19%)Netherlands203 kt (16%)Sweden179 kt (14%)Italy117 kt (9%)Spain58 kt (4%)Germany57 kt (4%)Greece53 kt (4%)Other EU member states74 kt (6%)Origin not reported11 kt (<1%)Netherlands256 kt (20%)Denmark160 kt (12%)Germany152 kt (12%)Finland147 kt (11%)France143 kt (11%)Spain90 kt (7%)Belgium74 kt (6%)Cyprus53 kt (4%)Malta50 kt (4%)Austria45 kt (3%)Bulgaria38 kt (3%)Sweden22 kt (2%)Ireland17 kt (1%)Slovenia16 kt (1%)Luxembourg14 kt (1%)Latvia7.0 kt (<1%)Portugal6.4 kt (<1%)Greece6.3 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.3 kt (<1%)Estonia2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia1.0 kt (<1%)Poland0.5 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.4 kt (<1%)Croatia0.1 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Qatar93 kt (7%)
- Russia38 kt (3%)
- Saudi Arabia37 kt (3%)
- Norway36 kt (3%)
- United States27 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU72 kt (6%)
- Belgium248 kt (19%)
- Netherlands203 kt (16%)
- Sweden179 kt (14%)
- Italy117 kt (9%)
- Spain58 kt (4%)
- Germany57 kt (4%)
- Greece53 kt (4%)
- Other EU member states74 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported11 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden | Finland | 102,000 | 69.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 82,431 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 79,000 | 49.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Netherlands | 74,114 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 71,000 | 49.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 70,246 | 46.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 65,000 | 40.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 58,000 | 78.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 52,953 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 50,429 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 47,000 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 44,517 | 49.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 42,808 | 28.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Bulgaria | 37,620 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 36,317 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 36,073 | 39.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,227 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 27,690 | 10.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 27,184 | 60.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Finland | 17,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 15,800 | 21.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 15,000 | 10.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 14,925 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 13,000 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 13,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 13,000 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 12,847 | 77.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 12,000 | 75.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 11,632 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 11,000 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 10,844 | 75.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 9,769 | 21.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 9,767 | 10.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 9,579 | 44.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 8,266 | 18.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,714 | 35.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 6,998 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 6,406 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 6,300 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 4,621 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 3,797 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 3,785 | 22.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Sweden | 3,590 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 3,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 3,000 | 18.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 2,311 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,171 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Qatar | Germany | 1,634 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 1,620 | 1.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Germany | 1,523 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 1,445 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 1,385 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 1,000 | 6.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Sweden | 804 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 521 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 200 | 50.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 200 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 64 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
5 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the heating and other gasoil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Hungary, Italy, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.