Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,238 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were Qatar (9%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Qatar115 kt (9%)United Kingdom52 kt (4%)India47 kt (4%)United States39 kt (3%)Norway27 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU55 kt (4%)Belgium294 kt (24%)Sweden156 kt (13%)Netherlands124 kt (10%)Germany106 kt (9%)France53 kt (4%)Greece44 kt (4%)Spain28 kt (2%)Other EU member states87 kt (7%)Origin not reported12 kt (<1%)Netherlands302 kt (24%)France224 kt (18%)Belgium147 kt (12%)Finland135 kt (11%)Germany109 kt (9%)Denmark78 kt (6%)Austria40 kt (3%)Malta40 kt (3%)Cyprus37 kt (3%)Slovenia22 kt (2%)Spain21 kt (2%)Sweden20 kt (2%)Luxembourg18 kt (1%)Ireland15 kt (1%)Bulgaria12 kt (<1%)Estonia7.0 kt (<1%)Latvia5.0 kt (<1%)Portugal3.9 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.1 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Greece0.5 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.4 kt (<1%)Croatialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Qatar115 kt (9%)
- United Kingdom52 kt (4%)
- India47 kt (4%)
- United States39 kt (3%)
- Norway27 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU55 kt (4%)
- Belgium294 kt (24%)
- Sweden156 kt (13%)
- Netherlands124 kt (10%)
- Germany106 kt (9%)
- France53 kt (4%)
- Greece44 kt (4%)
- Spain28 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states87 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported12 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | France | 139,000 | 62.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 75,000 | 55.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 74,000 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Netherlands | 73,577 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 70,369 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 63,000 | 80.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 62,303 | 57.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 51,400 | 34.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 46,739 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 42,774 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Finland | 41,000 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Malta | 38,482 | 97.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 31,000 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 26,897 | 72.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 24,336 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 24,000 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 21,217 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 20,481 | 51.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 19,252 | 48.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 17,508 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia | 17,000 | 77.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 15,875 | 88.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 15,515 | 5.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Germany | 14,841 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 14,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 13,832 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 13,000 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 12,236 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 12,000 | 5.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Ireland | 11,517 | 79.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 11,187 | 56.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,900 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 10,900 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 10,002 | 27.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 9,261 | 44.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 8,665 | 41.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 7,000 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 7,000 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 7,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Finland | 6,000 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 5,740 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 5,000 | 22.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Sweden | 4,970 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 3,919 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 3,671 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 3,033 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 3,000 | 1.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 2,859 | 13.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 2,847 | 56.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 2,153 | 43.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 2,082 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Germany | 1,758 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 1,415 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 1,159 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Denmark | 1,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 706 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 498 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 300 | 75.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Lithuania | 100 | 25.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 18 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
5 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the heating and other gasoil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Hungary, Italy, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.