Fuel Origin

Flows

How oil reaches each country

Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.

In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,365 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (5%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.

Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
OilCrude oilRoad dieselPetrolJet fuelHeating and other gasoilFuel oilNaphthaLPG
Month
Oct 2023
Latest month all EU members reported
2026
2025
2024
2023
Origins named891011121314151617181920

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Where the oil was produced

  • Reported (solid)
  • Summed by us (dotted)
  • Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
Reported imports, largest first
FromToTonnesShareHow we know
NetherlandsBelgium99,80089.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainFrance95,00039.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumNetherlands83,12831.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenFinland69,00059.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenDenmark68,00055.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyNetherlands65,75524.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumGermany64,76740.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsGermany55,36934.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Origin not reportedFrance51,00021.3%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
United KingdomMalta47,782100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsDenmark44,00035.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
QatarNetherlands41,14615.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalySpain39,16273.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesNetherlands36,63513.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUNetherlands34,64913.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GreeceCyprus32,33990.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumFrance31,00012.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
EgyptGreece29,96167.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NorwayGermany29,93718.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumLuxembourg21,62889.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumFinland21,00018.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
QatarFinland21,00018.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsFrance19,0007.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyAustria18,49341.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomFrance16,0006.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesGreece14,30032.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUSlovenia14,00058.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
ItalyAustria13,79931.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUBulgaria13,143100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesAustria12,14727.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United StatesFrance11,0004.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United StatesIreland10,46473.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumDenmark10,0008.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUFrance9,0003.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesSweden8,63650.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SpainPortugal8,238100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyFrance8,0003.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUSpain7,16413.5%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesEstonia7,000100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedSpain6,82512.8%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
United KingdomBelgium6,8006.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NorwaySweden6,79839.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesLatvia6,11369.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
ItalySlovenia5,00020.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUFinland5,0004.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesGermany4,5482.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SwedenNetherlands4,1671.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomIreland3,80726.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUCyprus3,4739.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
EgyptSlovenia3,00012.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainBelgium3,0002.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUGermany2,8231.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EULatvia2,66730.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GermanyBelgium2,2002.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSlovakia2,130100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesSlovenia2,0008.3%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United StatesGermany1,8551.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsLuxembourg1,8017.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
QatarGermany1,7701.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSweden1,2487.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyCzechia1,000100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanyDenmark1,0000.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesPoland1,000100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GermanyLuxembourg8583.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EULithuania80080.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
QatarSweden4462.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesLithuania20020.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesCroatia143100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.

4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.

Source & method
Source
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV

Left: where the heating and other gasoil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).

Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).

Not in the diagram: Hungary, Italy, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.

  • Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
  • Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
  • A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.