Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,407 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (6%), and 70% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom84 kt (6%)India62 kt (4%)Qatar49 kt (3%)Norway36 kt (3%)Egypt32 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU143 kt (10%)Netherlands258 kt (18%)Sweden204 kt (14%)Belgium191 kt (14%)Italy90 kt (6%)Germany65 kt (5%)Spain61 kt (4%)Greece33 kt (2%)Other EU member states88 kt (6%)Origin not reported12 kt (<1%)Germany269 kt (19%)Netherlands208 kt (15%)France171 kt (12%)Belgium154 kt (11%)Denmark126 kt (9%)Finland126 kt (9%)Greece66 kt (5%)Malta56 kt (4%)Austria45 kt (3%)Spain41 kt (3%)Cyprus38 kt (3%)Luxembourg26 kt (2%)Bulgaria20 kt (1%)Sweden20 kt (1%)Slovenia14 kt (<1%)Portugal11 kt (<1%)Ireland4.9 kt (<1%)Latvia3.5 kt (<1%)Czechia3.0 kt (<1%)Estonia3.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia1.9 kt (<1%)Croatia0.8 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.3 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom84 kt (6%)
- India62 kt (4%)
- Qatar49 kt (3%)
- Norway36 kt (3%)
- Egypt32 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU143 kt (10%)
- Netherlands258 kt (18%)
- Sweden204 kt (14%)
- Belgium191 kt (14%)
- Italy90 kt (6%)
- Germany65 kt (5%)
- Spain61 kt (4%)
- Greece33 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states88 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported12 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 106,872 | 39.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 93,000 | 73.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 91,800 | 59.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 90,633 | 33.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 89,000 | 70.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 62,043 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 47,000 | 30.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 40,000 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 38,798 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 37,896 | 18.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Malta | 35,855 | 64.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 33,222 | 87.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 33,000 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Greece | 31,932 | 48.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 31,880 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 31,353 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 26,353 | 40.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Qatar | Netherlands | 26,178 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 26,000 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 25,036 | 60.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 25,000 | 14.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 23,000 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 21,593 | 48.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 21,517 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 21,427 | 83.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Finland | 21,000 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 20,187 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 19,725 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 17,433 | 6.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | France | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 15,100 | 9.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Slovenia | 13,000 | 92.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 12,577 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 12,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 11,368 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 10,578 | 23.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 10,506 | 52.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 9,000 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 8,061 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 8,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 7,989 | 19.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 7,958 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 7,526 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 6,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 4,930 | 12.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 4,862 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 4,000 | 2.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 3,742 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 3,676 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 3,500 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 3,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,812 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 2,346 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 2,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 2,000 | 66.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 1,888 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 1,441 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden | 1,360 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 1,353 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 1,000 | 33.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 1,000 | 7.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 781 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Sweden | 619 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 374 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 300 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the heating and other gasoil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.