Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,407 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (6%), and 70% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Netherlands
- France
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Other EU (18)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (27) | Other EU (18) | 202,602 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 106,872 | 39.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Other EU (18) | 93,000 | 73.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 91,800 | 59.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 90,633 | 33.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 89,000 | 70.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Netherlands | 64,074 | 30.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Netherlands | 62,043 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Other EU (18) | 53,363 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Germany | 49,687 | 18.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | France | 48,000 | 28.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Other EU (18) | 47,223 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 47,000 | 30.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 40,000 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 38,798 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 33,000 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 31,353 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 26,000 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 24,034 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 22,046 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Sweden | Germany | 21,517 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 17,158 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | France | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 16,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Belgium | 15,100 | 9.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (18) | 12,388 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 9,000 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 8,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (18) | 7,989 | 19.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 7,958 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 6,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 4,000 | 2.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 3,742 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 2,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the heating and other gasoil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.