Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,261 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), the United Kingdom (7%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 51% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Denmark
- Spain
- Netherlands
- France
- Finland
- Other EU (18)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (26) | Other EU (18) | 139,977 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Denmark | 110,000 | 42.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Netherlands | 94,716 | 50.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 77,058 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Denmark | 72,000 | 27.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 67,000 | 26.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 67,000 | 66.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 66,058 | 28.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 65,347 | 28.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 57,179 | 30.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 48,789 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Spain | 47,759 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 44,000 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 41,197 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 27,000 | 15.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 26,000 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 25,000 | 13.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Netherlands | 24,498 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 23,000 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 22,697 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 20,000 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Finland | 18,000 | 17.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Finland | 16,000 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (18) | 13,348 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | France | 11,000 | 6.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 8,375 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 8,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 7,743 | 3.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | France | 4,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,935 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Spain | 3,344 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the heating and other gasoil was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.