Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,223 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (6%), and 77% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Norway79 kt (6%)Gibraltar50 kt (4%)United Kingdom35 kt (3%)Türkiye26 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU58 kt (5%)Belgium223 kt (18%)Netherlands178 kt (15%)Sweden150 kt (12%)Spain95 kt (8%)Germany87 kt (7%)Italy59 kt (5%)France53 kt (4%)Portugal29 kt (2%)Other EU member states66 kt (5%)Origin not reported34 kt (3%)France327 kt (27%)Netherlands164 kt (13%)Denmark145 kt (12%)Germany137 kt (11%)Finland92 kt (8%)Spain77 kt (6%)Belgium44 kt (4%)Malta40 kt (3%)Austria39 kt (3%)Cyprus39 kt (3%)Luxembourg23 kt (2%)Sweden20 kt (2%)Slovenia19 kt (2%)Bulgaria16 kt (1%)Ireland14 kt (1%)Portugal11 kt (<1%)Greece5.7 kt (<1%)Czechia4.0 kt (<1%)Estonia3.5 kt (<1%)Latvia2.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia1.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.4 kt (<1%)Poland0.4 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Norway79 kt (6%)
- Gibraltar50 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom35 kt (3%)
- Türkiye26 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU58 kt (5%)
- Belgium223 kt (18%)
- Netherlands178 kt (15%)
- Sweden150 kt (12%)
- Spain95 kt (8%)
- Germany87 kt (7%)
- Italy59 kt (5%)
- France53 kt (4%)
- Portugal29 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states66 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported34 kt (3%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | France | 106,000 | 32.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 78,508 | 47.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 75,402 | 54.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 71,000 | 49.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 65,000 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 61,000 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 55,697 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 55,000 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 50,071 | 65.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Malta | 39,859 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 39,664 | 28.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 32,000 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 31,300 | 71.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 30,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Portugal | France | 29,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Cyprus | 24,004 | 61.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 19,112 | 83.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 19,029 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Finland | 19,000 | 20.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 19,000 | 5.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Finland | 18,000 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 17,020 | 43.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 16,000 | 84.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 16,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 15,684 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 15,606 | 99.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 14,739 | 74.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 13,649 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 13,119 | 33.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 13,000 | 4.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 11,447 | 14.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Spain | Portugal | 10,949 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 10,902 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 10,300 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 9,215 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 9,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 8,210 | 21.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 8,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Denmark | 8,000 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 7,627 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 6,725 | 17.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 5,703 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 4,186 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 4,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 4,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 3,914 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 3,743 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 3,500 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Germany | 2,889 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 2,469 | 12.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Slovenia | 2,000 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,500 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 1,375 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,232 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 1,172 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 1,138 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 1,091 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 1,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 1,000 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 573 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 400 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 397 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 54 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the heating and other gasoil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.