Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,338 kt of heating and other gasoil; the largest origins outside the EU were Gibraltar (5%), and 73% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Belgium330 kt (25%)Sweden193 kt (14%)Netherlands157 kt (12%)Germany96 kt (7%)Spain77 kt (6%)Gibraltar68 kt (5%)Norway65 kt (5%)United States56 kt (4%)Other origins (26)262 kt (20%)Origin not reported34 kt (3%)Denmark200 kt (15%)Netherlands190 kt (14%)Germany159 kt (12%)France145 kt (11%)Spain138 kt (10%)Other EU (18)506 kt (38%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Other EU (18)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (26) | Other EU (18) | 186,103 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 107,568 | 67.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Other EU (18) | 105,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 100,053 | 52.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 84,000 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 63,000 | 31.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Other EU (18) | 62,582 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 58,480 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 57,000 | 39.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 55,523 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 48,000 | 33.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 45,612 | 33.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 44,552 | 28.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 38,201 | 27.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Other EU (18) | 29,666 | 35.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (18) | 26,200 | 27.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 24,730 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Denmark | 24,000 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 21,301 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Netherlands | 19,338 | 10.2% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 19,055 | 13.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 15,453 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | France | 15,000 | 10.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Denmark | 14,000 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Spain | 10,793 | 7.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | France | 10,000 | 6.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 9,889 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Germany | 7,133 | 4.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 6,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 5,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 5,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 5,000 | 2.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | France | 5,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 4,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 3,807 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,417 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Other EU (18) | 938 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the heating and other gasoil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.