Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,699 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (18%), the United Arab Emirates (14%) and the United Kingdom (6%), and 50% came from other EU member states.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 389,180 | 84.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 241,000 | 84.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (12) | 146,833 | — | Summed by usSum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 100,700 | 96.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 98,623 | 56.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 94,404 | 82.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Italy | 77,455 | 44.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Spain | 71,751 | 35.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 70,319 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Denmark | 65,000 | 80.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 59,948 | 29.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 43,262 | 66.9% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 42,374 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | France | 37,000 | 12.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Germany | 30,000 | 6.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (12) | 24,409 | 58.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (12) | 23,494 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 21,390 | 33.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 20,153 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 16,000 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (12) | 14,244 | 39.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 7,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Belgium | 3,700 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-01, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-01 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.