Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,304 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (24%), India (9%) and the South Korea (7%), and 36% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total jet fuel imports reported (Aug 2023)
52.0 thousand tonnes
2% of reported EU jet fuel imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Kuwait34 kt (65%)
- Other origins (24)15 kt (29%)
- South Korea3.0 kt (6%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 451,440 | 76.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Other EU (14) | 233,498 | — | Summed by usSum of 12 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | France | 206,000 | 40.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 161,246 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | France | 155,000 | 30.6% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Germany | 138,465 | 23.5% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 107,889 | 95.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 96,551 | 57.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Netherlands | 96,275 | 40.5% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Netherlands | 84,301 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Italy | 81,185 | 26.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | France | 74,000 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Spain | 70,254 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 65,300 | 96.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 64,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 59,669 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 53,491 | 22.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 34,000 | 65.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Other EU (14) | 25,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Denmark | 15,000 | 28.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 8,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (14) | 6,304 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 5,035 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,563 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Denmark | 3,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (14) | 2,894 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins (24) | Belgium | 2,300 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.