Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,131 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (21%) and the United Arab Emirates (6%), and 45% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total jet fuel imports reported (Mar 2025)
436.0 thousand tonnes
20% of reported EU jet fuel imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Other origins (27)241 kt (55%)
- Kuwait166 kt (38%)
- Netherlands16 kt (4%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 411,376 | 84.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | France | 241,000 | 55.3% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 183,907 | 44.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 166,000 | 38.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Italy | 161,676 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Other EU (15) | 121,322 | — | Summed by usSum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 114,011 | 27.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 99,997 | 64.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Ireland | 98,238 | 87.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 87,100 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 83,265 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 46,758 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (15) | 38,796 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Sweden | 36,845 | 62.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (15) | 31,085 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Germany | 31,028 | 6.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Spain | 30,128 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 29,025 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 24,991 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 21,709 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (15) | 20,533 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 16,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 10,084 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 8,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (15) | 7,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 4,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 3,966 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Netherlands | 1,801 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.