Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,108 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were the South Korea (10%), China (7%) and Türkiye (6%), and 44% came from other EU member states.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total jet fuel imports reported (Dec 2023)
540.0 thousand tonnes
26% of reported EU jet fuel imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Netherlands460 kt (85%)
- Belgium53 kt (10%)
- Other origins (24)27 kt (5%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 460,183 | 85.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Netherlands | 275,241 | 84.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Other EU (12) | 192,073 | — | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Italy | 175,058 | 74.8% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | France | 145,000 | 32.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | France | 139,000 | 31.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Ireland | 114,007 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | France | 109,000 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 73,500 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 58,857 | 25.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 52,513 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 48,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Spain | 33,277 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Spain | 32,986 | 49.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Denmark | 32,000 | 47.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Other EU (12) | 29,930 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Netherlands | 28,652 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Denmark | 28,000 | 41.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Germany | 27,256 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 18,429 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (12) | 12,450 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Denmark | 8,000 | 11.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Other EU (12) | 8,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 3,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Netherlands | 2,205 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (12) | 1,355 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Other EU (12) | 83 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.