Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 2,041 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (29%) and the United Arab Emirates (10%), and 38% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Belgium
- Spain
- Ireland
- Luxembourg
- Other EU (12)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 349,638 | 81.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 289,000 | 59.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 204,087 | 53.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Oman | Netherlands | 100,716 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (12) | 98,425 | — | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 98,414 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 98,100 | 64.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 98,000 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Italy | 97,410 | 49.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | France | 96,000 | 19.7% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Ireland | 79,584 | 84.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Spain | 61,665 | 60.2% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 53,200 | 35.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 51,980 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 40,375 | 39.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (12) | 37,945 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 35,429 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Germany | 29,423 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 28,935 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 28,171 | 71.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (12) | 24,909 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 10,080 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 9,490 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Luxembourg | 8,829 | 22.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 4,051 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,530 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 408 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (12) | 26 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.