Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,118 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (11%), Kuwait (11%) and the South Korea (8%), and 32% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands586 kt (19%)India335 kt (11%)Kuwait334 kt (11%)South Korea255 kt (8%)Belgium238 kt (8%)Other origins (28)1.37 Mt (44%)Origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Netherlands603 kt (19%)France519 kt (17%)Germany511 kt (16%)Spain379 kt (12%)Italy282 kt (9%)Belgium157 kt (5%)Ireland121 kt (4%)Sweden118 kt (4%)Other EU (14)429 kt (14%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 426,398 | 83.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | France | 280,000 | 53.9% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 247,090 | 41.0% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 234,057 | 61.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (14) | 190,076 | — | Summed by usSum of 14 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Italy | 160,533 | 56.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 143,810 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 121,513 | 43.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 116,276 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 114,495 | 30.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Ireland | 111,483 | 92.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Sweden | 110,682 | 93.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 101,000 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 95,536 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 91,000 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 87,000 | 16.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (14) | 71,042 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Other EU (14) | 59,926 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | Other EU (14) | 51,000 | 70.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 45,059 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 44,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 39,798 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (14) | 31,333 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Belgium | 30,300 | 19.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (14) | 24,867 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Spain | 23,687 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Belgium | 21,200 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 17,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 9,061 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,201 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 6,399 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 4,600 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (14) | 358 | 4.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.