Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,248 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (20%), the United Arab Emirates (9%) and India (9%), and 40% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Apr 2025)
197.2 thousand tonnes
9% of reported EU jet fuel imports
Official
Top destination countries
- Italy96 kt (49%)
- Netherlands74 kt (37%)
- Other EU (15)28 kt (14%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 431,533 | 87.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 333,000 | 59.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 142,500 | 99.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Other EU (15) | 141,465 | — | Summed by usSum of 12 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Italy | 116,992 | 55.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Spain | 107,535 | 69.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 101,331 | 39.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | France | 101,000 | 17.9% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 99,000 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 95,908 | 45.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Ireland | 92,787 | 87.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 73,568 | 28.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 55,000 | 93.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 44,406 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (15) | 44,316 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Netherlands | 43,303 | 16.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (15) | 39,540 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 32,859 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Germany | 28,156 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Other EU (15) | 27,686 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 25,067 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 20,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 15,606 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 13,487 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 11,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 4,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 3,055 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (15) | 2,100 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Belgium | 1,200 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (15) | 180 | 87.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.