Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,777 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (22%), India (11%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 34% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total jet fuel imports reported (May 2025)
224.2 thousand tonnes
8% of reported EU jet fuel imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Saudi Arabia98 kt (44%)
- Other origins (26)88 kt (39%)
- Netherlands38 kt (17%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 463,277 | 86.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 279,000 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 237,000 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Other EU (15) | 191,549 | — | Summed by usSum of 13 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 162,843 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Netherlands | 144,220 | 40.1% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Spain | 136,282 | 45.5% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Ireland | 120,737 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 102,900 | 76.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 98,020 | 43.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Italy | 88,123 | 39.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | France | 85,000 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (15) | 84,771 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Germany | 74,589 | 13.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 68,426 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 64,898 | 86.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 55,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 53,059 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 52,588 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 41,461 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 38,021 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (15) | 32,538 | 44.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (15) | 31,992 | 43.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 31,600 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (15) | 24,147 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 10,186 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (15) | 4,936 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (15) | 205 | 80.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.