Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,775 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (21%), India (12%) and the United Arab Emirates (9%), and 39% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 493,308 | 85.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Other EU (15) | 334,784 | — | Summed by usSum of 15 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | France | 258,000 | 40.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | France | 209,000 | 32.5% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Italy | 194,876 | 61.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 140,021 | 46.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 126,921 | 42.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 124,043 | 95.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Italy | 120,112 | 38.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 95,000 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (15) | 92,651 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 89,800 | 78.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Germany | 82,936 | 14.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Spain | 79,398 | 69.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (15) | 78,794 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 59,953 | 79.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 57,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Netherlands | 29,486 | 9.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Spain | 24,629 | 21.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 24,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Belgium | 14,900 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 14,714 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Belgium | 10,200 | 8.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins (29) | Spain | 9,984 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 6,089 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,962 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Portugal | 1,113 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (15) | 187 | 1.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-07, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-07 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.