Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,304 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (24%), India (9%) and the South Korea (7%), and 36% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait551 kt (24%)India208 kt (9%)South Korea172 kt (7%)United Kingdom111 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia99 kt (4%)United Arab Emirates83 kt (4%)China78 kt (3%)Türkiye50 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU112 kt (5%)Netherlands536 kt (23%)France101 kt (4%)Belgium101 kt (4%)Germany29 kt (1%)Other EU member states69 kt (3%)Origin not reported2.9 kt (<1%)Germany590 kt (26%)France507 kt (22%)Italy302 kt (13%)Netherlands238 kt (10%)Spain167 kt (7%)Ireland113 kt (5%)Belgium68 kt (3%)Denmark52 kt (2%)Sweden46 kt (2%)Luxembourg44 kt (2%)Slovenia37 kt (2%)Portugal25 kt (1%)Cyprus25 kt (1%)Latvia22 kt (<1%)Malta20 kt (<1%)Austria14 kt (<1%)Czechia12 kt (<1%)Romania11 kt (<1%)Estonia6.0 kt (<1%)Poland2.9 kt (<1%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.3 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait551 kt (24%)
- India208 kt (9%)
- South Korea172 kt (7%)
- United Kingdom111 kt (5%)
- Saudi Arabia99 kt (4%)
- United Arab Emirates83 kt (4%)
- China78 kt (3%)
- Türkiye50 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU112 kt (5%)
- Netherlands536 kt (23%)
- France101 kt (4%)
- Belgium101 kt (4%)
- Germany29 kt (1%)
- Other EU member states69 kt (3%)
- Origin not reported2.9 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 451,440 | 76.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 206,000 | 40.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 161,246 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 107,889 | 95.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 96,551 | 57.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 84,301 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 74,000 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Netherlands | 72,158 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 71,606 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Spain | 70,254 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 65,300 | 96.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 64,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 59,903 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 59,669 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 53,491 | 22.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 43,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 41,000 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 40,973 | 93.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 40,852 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Sweden | 40,165 | 87.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 37,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 34,000 | 65.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | France | 33,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Portugal | 25,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 24,000 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 22,781 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 20,882 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 19,451 | 6.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 19,402 | 78.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 16,300 | 73.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 15,000 | 28.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Malta | 11,922 | 59.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 11,630 | 83.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 10,000 | 83.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 8,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 7,987 | 40.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 7,000 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 6,811 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 6,000 | 54.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 6,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| China | Latvia | 5,957 | 26.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 5,590 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 5,297 | 21.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 5,035 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Romania | 5,000 | 45.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 4,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,563 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Denmark | 3,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 2,894 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 2,347 | 16.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 2,300 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 2,197 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 2,000 | 16.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 1,321 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 1,154 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 1,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 1,000 | 50.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 714 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
5 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.