Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,304 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (24%), India (9%) and the South Korea (7%), and 36% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Other EU (17)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 451,440 | 76.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 206,000 | 40.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Other EU (17) | 170,628 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Italy | 161,246 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | France | 110,000 | 21.7% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (17) | 107,889 | 95.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 96,551 | 57.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 84,301 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 76,639 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | France | 74,000 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Netherlands | 73,342 | 30.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 71,606 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Spain | 70,254 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 64,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Italy | 60,303 | 20.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Germany | 59,903 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 59,669 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 53,491 | 22.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 41,000 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (17) | 40,973 | 93.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 37,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (17) | 34,000 | 65.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Other EU (17) | 28,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 22,781 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 20,882 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 8,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Germany | 6,956 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 4,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,563 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (17) | 2,894 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 2,197 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.