Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,319 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were the South Korea (18%), Kuwait (12%) and China (8%), and 38% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Ireland
- Other EU (17)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 479,690 | 81.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 290,017 | 82.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (22) | Other EU (17) | 139,949 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | France | 136,000 | 31.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | France | 124,000 | 28.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 117,722 | 95.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (17) | 107,777 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 98,686 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | Italy | 98,364 | 45.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 82,627 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (22) | France | 72,000 | 16.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| China | Other EU (17) | 71,128 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (22) | Italy | 69,536 | 31.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | France | 63,000 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (22) | Germany | 56,090 | 9.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Germany | 51,761 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (17) | 40,470 | 93.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 37,021 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 36,381 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Other EU (17) | 32,941 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 29,000 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (17) | 27,978 | 45.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (22) | Netherlands | 17,416 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 14,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 13,972 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 5,580 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 5,037 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.