Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,301 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (16%), the United Arab Emirates (8%) and the South Korea (7%), and 39% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait362 kt (16%)United Arab Emirates178 kt (8%)South Korea171 kt (7%)India146 kt (6%)China138 kt (6%)United Kingdom137 kt (6%)Saudi Arabia101 kt (4%)Egypt60 kt (3%)Gibraltar33 kt (1%)Other origins outside the EU71 kt (3%)Netherlands595 kt (26%)France114 kt (5%)Belgium85 kt (4%)Other EU member states109 kt (5%)Germany589 kt (26%)France385 kt (17%)Netherlands327 kt (14%)Italy198 kt (9%)Ireland142 kt (6%)Spain139 kt (6%)Belgium130 kt (6%)Portugal94 kt (4%)Denmark69 kt (3%)Sweden67 kt (3%)Luxembourg48 kt (2%)Slovenia25 kt (1%)Cyprus23 kt (1%)Latvia16 kt (<1%)Austria16 kt (<1%)Malta10.0 kt (<1%)Czechia8.0 kt (<1%)Estonia5.0 kt (<1%)Romania5.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.1 kt (<1%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait362 kt (16%)
- United Arab Emirates178 kt (8%)
- South Korea171 kt (7%)
- India146 kt (6%)
- China138 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom137 kt (6%)
- Saudi Arabia101 kt (4%)
- Egypt60 kt (3%)
- Gibraltar33 kt (1%)
- Other origins outside the EU71 kt (3%)
- Netherlands595 kt (26%)
- France114 kt (5%)
- Belgium85 kt (4%)
- Other EU member states109 kt (5%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 453,808 | 77.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 171,000 | 44.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 137,044 | 96.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 130,000 | 33.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 122,408 | 37.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Portugal | 94,460 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 89,671 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 88,676 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 85,900 | 65.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Denmark | 69,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 67,933 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 65,997 | 47.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 59,560 | 30.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 59,158 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 53,975 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 45,554 | 94.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 39,853 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Netherlands | 38,648 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 38,232 | 19.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 36,707 | 55.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 36,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 33,400 | 25.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 33,085 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Sweden | 29,956 | 44.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 18,137 | 77.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 18,000 | 72.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 15,641 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 14,374 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 13,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 13,000 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 12,000 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 11,070 | 67.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Belgium | 11,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 10,584 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 10,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 9,983 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 8,822 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 8,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 7,000 | 28.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 6,895 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 5,280 | 22.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| China | Latvia | 5,233 | 32.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 5,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 5,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 4,980 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 2,090 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 1,697 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 842 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 762 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.