Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,301 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (16%), the United Arab Emirates (8%) and the South Korea (7%), and 39% came from other EU member states.
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Ireland
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 453,808 | 77.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | Other EU (16) | 181,836 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | France | 171,000 | 44.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 137,044 | 96.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 130,000 | 33.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 123,369 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 122,408 | 37.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (16) | 109,956 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| China | Other EU (16) | 99,693 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Other EU (16) | 99,397 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (19) | Italy | 97,792 | 49.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 89,671 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 88,676 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | Netherlands | 77,171 | 23.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Germany | 67,933 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | Germany | 66,895 | 11.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Other EU (16) | 45,554 | 94.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Netherlands | 38,648 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 36,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | France | 35,000 | 9.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 13,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 10,584 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 4,980 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.