Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,044 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (9%), India (9%) and Saudi Arabia (8%), and 45% came from other EU member states, with 5% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Ireland
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 451,121 | 82.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Other EU (16) | 223,996 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (21) | France | 135,000 | 28.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | France | 123,000 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 103,147 | 43.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 101,611 | 87.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 96,407 | 66.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 78,942 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Malaysia | Netherlands | 73,822 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 70,063 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Other EU (16) | 60,572 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | France | 60,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 56,000 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Italy | 47,964 | 33.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Malaysia | France | 47,000 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (16) | 46,720 | 95.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 44,222 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 44,121 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 42,777 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 33,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (16) | 30,000 | 85.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 22,000 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 18,101 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 15,141 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 12,438 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (21) | Germany | 5,167 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (21) | Netherlands | 1,576 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Netherlands | 312 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.