Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,108 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were the South Korea (10%), China (7%) and Türkiye (6%), and 44% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
South Korea207 kt (10%)China139 kt (7%)Türkiye129 kt (6%)Singapore116 kt (5%)United Kingdom114 kt (5%)North Korea99 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates93 kt (4%)Kuwait81 kt (4%)India80 kt (4%)Other origins outside the EU131 kt (6%)Netherlands549 kt (26%)Belgium120 kt (6%)Greece86 kt (4%)Other EU member states164 kt (8%)Germany540 kt (26%)France444 kt (21%)Netherlands325 kt (15%)Italy234 kt (11%)Ireland114 kt (5%)Belgium74 kt (3%)Denmark68 kt (3%)Spain66 kt (3%)Luxembourg54 kt (3%)Slovenia40 kt (2%)Cyprus37 kt (2%)Portugal30 kt (1%)Malta16 kt (<1%)Austria16 kt (<1%)Hungary13 kt (<1%)Latvia12 kt (<1%)Czechia9.0 kt (<1%)Romania8.0 kt (<1%)Sweden7.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.3 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- South Korea207 kt (10%)
- China139 kt (7%)
- Türkiye129 kt (6%)
- Singapore116 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom114 kt (5%)
- North Korea99 kt (5%)
- United Arab Emirates93 kt (4%)
- Kuwait81 kt (4%)
- India80 kt (4%)
- Other origins outside the EU131 kt (6%)
- Netherlands549 kt (26%)
- Belgium120 kt (6%)
- Greece86 kt (4%)
- Other EU member states164 kt (8%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 460,183 | 85.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 145,000 | 32.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 114,007 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | France | 109,000 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| North Korea | Italy | 98,701 | 42.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 93,192 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 81,369 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 73,500 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France | 59,000 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 58,857 | 25.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Netherlands | 56,665 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 54,000 | 12.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 52,513 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 48,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 47,234 | 87.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Italy | 40,071 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 40,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Netherlands | 39,615 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Spain | 33,277 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 32,986 | 49.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Denmark | 32,000 | 47.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Portugal | 29,930 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Netherlands | 28,652 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Denmark | 28,000 | 41.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 27,927 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 26,000 | 5.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 24,862 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Cyprus | 24,153 | 64.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 18,429 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 15,868 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 13,194 | 35.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 13,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 9,838 | 61.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 9,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 8,929 | 72.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 8,359 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 8,000 | 11.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Romania | 8,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,143 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 6,145 | 38.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 5,307 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 4,400 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 3,387 | 27.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 3,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 2,394 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| China | Netherlands | 2,205 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 1,355 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 1,325 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Latvia | 83 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.