Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,854 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (13%), Kuwait (13%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 42% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
India245 kt (13%)Kuwait238 kt (13%)Saudi Arabia111 kt (6%)Oman98 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates95 kt (5%)United Kingdom84 kt (5%)Türkiye67 kt (4%)Malaysia56 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU80 kt (4%)Netherlands481 kt (26%)Greece87 kt (5%)France59 kt (3%)Belgium56 kt (3%)Other EU member states95 kt (5%)Origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)France495 kt (27%)Germany445 kt (24%)Netherlands237 kt (13%)Italy184 kt (10%)Ireland114 kt (6%)Denmark77 kt (4%)Sweden48 kt (3%)Luxembourg46 kt (3%)Slovenia45 kt (2%)Belgium36 kt (2%)Spain33 kt (2%)Austria21 kt (1%)Malta18 kt (<1%)Cyprus13 kt (<1%)Latvia12 kt (<1%)Czechia12 kt (<1%)Hungary7.0 kt (<1%)Romania7.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.0 kt (<1%)Croatia1.0 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Ireland
- Denmark
- Sweden
- Luxembourg
- Other EU (12)
- India245 kt (13%)
- Kuwait238 kt (13%)
- Saudi Arabia111 kt (6%)
- Oman98 kt (5%)
- United Arab Emirates95 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom84 kt (5%)
- Türkiye67 kt (4%)
- Malaysia56 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU80 kt (4%)
- Netherlands481 kt (26%)
- Greece87 kt (5%)
- France59 kt (3%)
- Belgium56 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states95 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 390,321 | 87.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 120,000 | 24.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 112,558 | 47.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Oman | France | 98,000 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 95,000 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 92,000 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 86,337 | 46.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 83,570 | 73.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 65,869 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 63,190 | 34.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 45,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Sweden | 39,845 | 82.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 39,485 | 85.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 39,000 | 7.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Malaysia | Denmark | 34,000 | 44.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 34,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Spain | 33,063 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 33,000 | 42.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 32,330 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 31,000 | 86.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 26,990 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 22,192 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Malaysia | Netherlands | 21,848 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 21,250 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 21,017 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 18,099 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Germany | 15,001 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 13,183 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 12,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 10,000 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 9,872 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 9,316 | 76.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 9,000 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 8,381 | 17.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 7,617 | 4.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 7,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 7,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Romania | 7,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 6,798 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 5,001 | 2.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 4,926 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 4,900 | 13.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 4,785 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 4,546 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 2,897 | 23.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 2,118 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 1,010 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 1,001 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-01, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-01 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.