Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,568 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (10%), the United Arab Emirates (10%) and Saudi Arabia (5%), and 53% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
India162 kt (10%)United Arab Emirates161 kt (10%)Saudi Arabia81 kt (5%)United Kingdom72 kt (5%)Kuwait68 kt (4%)Bahrain62 kt (4%)Other origins outside the EU133 kt (8%)Netherlands487 kt (31%)Greece101 kt (6%)Germany56 kt (4%)France48 kt (3%)Belgium48 kt (3%)Cyprus33 kt (2%)Other EU member states55 kt (4%)Germany448 kt (29%)France332 kt (21%)Netherlands250 kt (16%)Italy118 kt (8%)Ireland90 kt (6%)Spain66 kt (4%)Slovenia48 kt (3%)Sweden41 kt (3%)Luxembourg41 kt (3%)Belgium39 kt (3%)Austria19 kt (1%)Cyprus13 kt (<1%)Latvia11 kt (<1%)Denmark10 kt (<1%)Hungary9.0 kt (<1%)Romania7.0 kt (<1%)Czechia6.0 kt (<1%)Croatia5.1 kt (<1%)Estonia5.0 kt (<1%)Malta4.0 kt (<1%)Finland3.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- India162 kt (10%)
- United Arab Emirates161 kt (10%)
- Saudi Arabia81 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom72 kt (5%)
- Kuwait68 kt (4%)
- Bahrain62 kt (4%)
- Other origins outside the EU133 kt (8%)
- Netherlands487 kt (31%)
- Greece101 kt (6%)
- Germany56 kt (4%)
- France48 kt (3%)
- Belgium48 kt (3%)
- Cyprus33 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states55 kt (4%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 391,370 | 87.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 100,196 | 84.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 98,874 | 39.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 96,362 | 38.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 77,000 | 23.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 72,394 | 80.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 66,000 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 62,000 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Bahrain | France | 62,000 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 51,000 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 48,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 41,098 | 99.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 33,879 | 81.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 33,031 | 50.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Cyprus | Spain | 32,922 | 49.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 30,600 | 77.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 29,450 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 28,245 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 17,636 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 17,026 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 14,281 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 13,319 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 13,092 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 13,055 | 68.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 10,236 | 8.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 10,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 9,287 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,700 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 8,385 | 73.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 7,609 | 6.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 7,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 7,000 | 77.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 6,043 | 31.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 6,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 5,393 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 5,075 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 5,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 5,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 5,000 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 4,008 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 4,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Finland | 3,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 2,352 | 20.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 2,086 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 2,000 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 1,089 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 679 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 290 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-02 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.