Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,568 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (10%), the United Arab Emirates (10%) and Saudi Arabia (5%), and 53% came from other EU member states.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Ireland
- Other EU (17)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 391,370 | 87.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (17) | 169,887 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Greece | Italy | 100,196 | 84.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 98,874 | 39.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 96,362 | 38.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | France | 91,000 | 27.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 81,031 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 77,770 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 72,394 | 80.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 66,000 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 62,000 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bahrain | France | 62,000 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Germany | 57,079 | 12.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | France | 51,000 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 37,666 | 15.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Italy | 17,845 | 15.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 17,636 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 17,026 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Other EU (17) | 1,089 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-02 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.