Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,178 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Arab Emirates (15%), Kuwait (13%) and India (10%), and 40% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Arab Emirates316 kt (15%)Kuwait292 kt (13%)India222 kt (10%)China97 kt (4%)United Kingdom86 kt (4%)South Korea85 kt (4%)Egypt58 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU161 kt (7%)Netherlands518 kt (24%)Belgium95 kt (4%)Germany76 kt (3%)Greece60 kt (3%)France59 kt (3%)Other EU member states54 kt (2%)Netherlands526 kt (24%)Germany465 kt (21%)France417 kt (19%)Ireland114 kt (5%)Italy111 kt (5%)Belgium105 kt (5%)Sweden102 kt (5%)Denmark97 kt (4%)Luxembourg53 kt (2%)Spain41 kt (2%)Slovenia28 kt (1%)Cyprus20 kt (<1%)Austria19 kt (<1%)Malta13 kt (<1%)Latvia13 kt (<1%)Czechia12 kt (<1%)Romania12 kt (<1%)Finland7.0 kt (<1%)Croatia6.4 kt (<1%)Estonia6.0 kt (<1%)Hungary6.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.5 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Arab Emirates316 kt (15%)
- Kuwait292 kt (13%)
- India222 kt (10%)
- China97 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom86 kt (4%)
- South Korea85 kt (4%)
- Egypt58 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU161 kt (7%)
- Netherlands518 kt (24%)
- Belgium95 kt (4%)
- Germany76 kt (3%)
- Greece60 kt (3%)
- France59 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states54 kt (2%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 393,157 | 84.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 188,000 | 45.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 164,288 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 151,349 | 28.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 85,885 | 75.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 84,698 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 66,000 | 15.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 65,018 | 58.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 51,300 | 48.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | France | 50,000 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 50,000 | 51.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 49,654 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| China | Denmark | 47,000 | 48.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 45,147 | 85.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 44,023 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 41,363 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 41,000 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 39,335 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Belgium | 39,000 | 37.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 37,763 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Sweden | 37,028 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 35,146 | 34.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 33,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | France | 30,000 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden | 29,975 | 29.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 28,161 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia | 28,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 24,185 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 18,416 | 92.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 14,600 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 14,573 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Germany | 13,471 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Malta | 13,467 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 13,115 | 70.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 12,617 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 12,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 11,000 | 91.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 8,362 | 7.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 8,353 | 62.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 6,374 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Finland | 6,000 | 85.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 6,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 5,587 | 29.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 5,382 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 5,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 5,000 | 83.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 4,929 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 4,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 3,548 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 2,162 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 1,465 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 1,000 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 8.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 1,000 | 14.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.