Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,178 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Arab Emirates (15%), Kuwait (13%) and India (10%), and 40% came from other EU member states.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- France
- Ireland
- Italy
- Other EU (17)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 393,157 | 84.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | Other EU (17) | 236,435 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 188,000 | 45.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 164,288 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 151,349 | 28.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | France | 105,000 | 25.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 96,757 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (19) | Netherlands | 89,110 | 16.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Other EU (17) | 87,028 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 85,885 | 75.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 84,698 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 65,018 | 58.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France | 50,000 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Other EU (17) | 47,000 | 48.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 44,023 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 41,000 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (17) | 39,000 | 37.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 38,137 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Italy | 37,763 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 33,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 28,161 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | Germany | 28,082 | 6.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 24,185 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 12,617 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (19) | Italy | 8,362 | 7.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.