Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,432 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (27%), the United Arab Emirates (14%) and India (7%), and 35% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait648 kt (27%)United Arab Emirates331 kt (14%)India164 kt (7%)Egypt108 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia106 kt (4%)United Kingdom96 kt (4%)Israel45 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU79 kt (3%)Netherlands513 kt (21%)Greece89 kt (4%)Belgium70 kt (3%)Germany66 kt (3%)France59 kt (2%)Other EU member states58 kt (2%)Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)France607 kt (25%)Germany472 kt (19%)Netherlands435 kt (18%)Italy222 kt (9%)Belgium154 kt (6%)Ireland96 kt (4%)Slovenia67 kt (3%)Sweden62 kt (3%)Spain58 kt (2%)Luxembourg53 kt (2%)Denmark52 kt (2%)Finland28 kt (1%)Cyprus20 kt (<1%)Latvia16 kt (<1%)Austria15 kt (<1%)Malta15 kt (<1%)Czechia14 kt (<1%)Estonia13 kt (<1%)Hungary11 kt (<1%)Croatia11 kt (<1%)Romania8.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.3 kt (<1%)Portugalless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Kuwait648 kt (27%)
- United Arab Emirates331 kt (14%)
- India164 kt (7%)
- Egypt108 kt (4%)
- Saudi Arabia106 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom96 kt (4%)
- Israel45 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU79 kt (3%)
- Netherlands513 kt (21%)
- Greece89 kt (4%)
- Belgium70 kt (3%)
- Germany66 kt (3%)
- France59 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states58 kt (2%)
- Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 395,708 | 83.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 272,000 | 44.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 249,416 | 57.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 157,000 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 111,100 | 72.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 99,258 | 44.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 95,732 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 74,726 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia | 67,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 65,000 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 64,000 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 62,395 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 53,553 | 91.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Denmark | 52,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 44,281 | 83.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 44,245 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 40,588 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 34,000 | 5.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Italy | 30,782 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 29,872 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Italy | 26,086 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 25,248 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 24,512 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 24,300 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 22,393 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 18,700 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus | 18,488 | 91.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 17,143 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 15,153 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 15,010 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Finland | 15,000 | 53.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 14,469 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 13,000 | 46.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 12,000 | 85.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 11,826 | 76.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Egypt | Croatia | 10,803 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 10,582 | 68.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 10,341 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 8,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 7,984 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 6,000 | 54.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 6,000 | 46.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 5,990 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 5,000 | 45.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 4,927 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 4,900 | 8.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Estonia | 4,000 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 4,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 4,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 4,000 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 3,548 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 3,244 | 99.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 3,000 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 2,179 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 2,000 | 14.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 2,000 | 0.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Greece | Cyprus | 1,775 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 321 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 23 | 0.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 6 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.