Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,522 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (11%), India (11%) and the United Arab Emirates (10%), and 34% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait279 kt (11%)India269 kt (11%)United Arab Emirates243 kt (10%)Saudi Arabia217 kt (9%)South Korea154 kt (6%)United Kingdom109 kt (4%)China99 kt (4%)Oman59 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU227 kt (9%)Netherlands546 kt (22%)Greece96 kt (4%)Belgium68 kt (3%)France58 kt (2%)Other EU member states99 kt (4%)Germany483 kt (19%)France461 kt (18%)Netherlands410 kt (16%)Italy288 kt (11%)Spain234 kt (9%)Ireland113 kt (4%)Sweden98 kt (4%)Denmark70 kt (3%)Luxembourg56 kt (2%)Slovenia53 kt (2%)Finland50 kt (2%)Belgium46 kt (2%)Cyprus38 kt (1%)Portugal35 kt (1%)Malta20 kt (<1%)Czechia16 kt (<1%)Austria15 kt (<1%)Latvia10 kt (<1%)Hungary10 kt (<1%)Romania9.0 kt (<1%)Estonia4.0 kt (<1%)Croatia2.7 kt (<1%)Bulgaria0.2 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait279 kt (11%)
- India269 kt (11%)
- United Arab Emirates243 kt (10%)
- Saudi Arabia217 kt (9%)
- South Korea154 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom109 kt (4%)
- China99 kt (4%)
- Oman59 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU227 kt (9%)
- Netherlands546 kt (22%)
- Greece96 kt (4%)
- Belgium68 kt (3%)
- France58 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states99 kt (4%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 444,679 | 92.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 145,777 | 35.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 119,000 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 115,000 | 24.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 105,192 | 93.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Italy | 98,849 | 34.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 97,948 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 97,000 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 92,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 90,734 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 63,858 | 27.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 62,846 | 26.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Spain | 59,515 | 25.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Oman | Netherlands | 59,400 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Sweden | 58,044 | 59.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 47,796 | 85.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Denmark | 46,000 | 65.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 42,000 | 90.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 39,960 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 39,792 | 40.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Portugal | 35,004 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 35,000 | 7.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 33,840 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 32,551 | 86.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 32,171 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 31,164 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 30,000 | 56.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Italy | 27,899 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 24,531 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia | 23,000 | 43.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 21,326 | 7.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 20,583 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 18,238 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 17,598 | 88.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Finland | 16,000 | 32.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 16,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Finland | 15,000 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 14,881 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 14,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Finland | 13,000 | 26.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 12,092 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 10,010 | 3.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 10,000 | 14.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 10,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 9,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Spain | 8,115 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 7,953 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 7,806 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 6,391 | 61.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Finland | 6,000 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 5,773 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 5,218 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 4,057 | 38.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 4,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,828 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 2,723 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 2,391 | 12.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 2,300 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 2,097 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 2,000 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 2,000 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 152 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.