Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,234 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (16%), India (11%) and China (9%), and 39% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait368 kt (16%)India249 kt (11%)China203 kt (9%)United Kingdom124 kt (6%)North Korea98 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia67 kt (3%)Egypt67 kt (3%)Israel58 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU120 kt (5%)Netherlands534 kt (24%)Belgium91 kt (4%)France85 kt (4%)Greece78 kt (4%)Other EU member states91 kt (4%)Germany535 kt (24%)Italy412 kt (18%)France364 kt (16%)Spain168 kt (8%)Netherlands165 kt (7%)Ireland130 kt (6%)Denmark83 kt (4%)Belgium70 kt (3%)Luxembourg57 kt (3%)Sweden57 kt (3%)Slovenia44 kt (2%)Cyprus30 kt (1%)Portugal27 kt (1%)Malta23 kt (1%)Czechia21 kt (<1%)Hungary11 kt (<1%)Latvia11 kt (<1%)Croatia9.6 kt (<1%)Estonia7.0 kt (<1%)Austria5.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia1.4 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.4 kt (<1%)Romania1.0 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 452,858 | 84.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 203,000 | 55.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 128,195 | 76.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 119,653 | 91.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France | 99,000 | 27.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Italy | 98,535 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| North Korea | Italy | 98,244 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 93,191 | 56.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 57,493 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 52,000 | 62.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 46,300 | 65.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 44,460 | 77.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 43,256 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Sweden | 41,266 | 72.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 41,209 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 40,456 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 40,031 | 23.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Netherlands | 36,575 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia | 34,000 | 77.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 32,207 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 32,000 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 31,000 | 37.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Israel | Italy | 29,666 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus | 28,596 | 94.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Portugal | 27,011 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 22,590 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 21,266 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 21,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 15,567 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 15,503 | 27.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 15,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 14,900 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 14,143 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 11,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Malta | 10,742 | 47.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 10,556 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Slovenia | 10,000 | 22.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Croatia | 9,553 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 9,100 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 9,000 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 8,177 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 8,157 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 7,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 6,011 | 57.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 6,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Malta | 5,577 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 5,027 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 4,769 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 4,703 | 20.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Latvia | 4,492 | 42.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,997 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 2,283 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Cyprus | 1,739 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 1,547 | 6.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 1,416 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 1,401 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-07, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-07 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.