Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,234 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (16%), India (11%) and China (9%), and 39% came from other EU member states.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Italy
- France
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Other EU (18)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 452,858 | 84.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 203,000 | 55.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Other EU (18) | 192,004 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Italy | 182,967 | 44.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Spain | 128,195 | 76.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (18) | 119,653 | 91.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France | 99,000 | 27.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Italy | 98,535 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| North Korea | Italy | 98,244 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 93,191 | 56.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (18) | 71,392 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 66,572 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Other EU (18) | 63,560 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Other EU (18) | 52,008 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 43,256 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | France | 41,000 | 11.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Spain | 40,031 | 23.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Netherlands | 36,575 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 32,207 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 22,590 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 21,266 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 18,733 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Germany | 17,850 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 15,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Netherlands | 8,212 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 6,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Other EU (18) | 5,577 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,997 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-07, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-07 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.